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修习菩提心1的所依
- 知母，念恩，念报恩
The
Basics of Cultivation of Bodhicitta - Recognition of
all sentient beings as one?s mother; remembering the
mothering kindness from all sentient beings and
repaying this kindness.
对于一切众生，从深切关怀而不示平等的心境中，引生一种意念，这意念是知道一切众生，都曾经是自己的母亲。在生死轮回中，一切众生都曾经做过我们的亲密眷属，那是无可置疑的。佛经上说，每个人从无始来所喝的母乳，比四大海水还要多呢！
From
our balanced mental state and deep concern for all
beings, there arises a thought that all sentient
beings had been our mother before. In this cyclic
round of existence, it is beyond doubt that all
sentient beings had been our close relatives. The
sutra says that the milk imbibed by everyone from the
time immemorial is more than the water of the four
oceans.
本来，父母对我们都有大恩，父母在儿女的心目中，应有同等等地位。但这里特重"知母"，"念母恩"。因以一般的世情说，母恩似乎更重，如十月怀胎，三年乳哺，大部份的养育责任都落在母亲身上，所以母子之情最深。儿女若见母亲受苦，应感到切肤之痛。若不顾母亲的死活，那就算是忤逆不孝，世间的法律与舆情，也不会容许。佛教视一切众生为父母，即是把一切关怀父母的心，扩大到众生。
Normally
parents are so kind to their children that they should
enjoy equally high status in the minds of their
children. However we are emphasising the recognition
of motherhood and remembrance of the kindness of our
mothers here. This is because the common feeling is
that the kindness of a mother seems to be greater than
that of a father. Responsibilities such as the ten
months of gestation, three years of breast feeding the
baby, and the burden of raising the child, is largely
shouldered by the mother. This makes the relationship
between mother and child the closest. If children see
their mother suffering, then they should feel the pain
as if they themselves had been wounded. If they do not
care the suffering endured by their mother, then this
is such a heinous sin that it cannot be tolerated by
the laws of human decency. When Buddhists perceive all
beings as their parents, we can say that they have
extended such concerns for their parents to all
beings.
不但佛教如此，即中国儒，墨两家，以及西洋基督教等，也都以此为一切道德行为的基础。如儒家的德行，主要的是孝，故以孝为首善，以不孝为极恶。而德行的心理，主要是仁，仁的初意也就是敬爱父母，从而扩大起来。所以说，"孝悌也者，其为仁之本欤"。儒家说仁，比从孝顺父母做1起，若不能尽孝，似乎就没有仁可说。
This
is not only the case for Buddhism, but also for
Confucianism and Moism in China, as well as
Christianity in the West. All these religions have
taken this virtue as the root of all good. For example
in the ethics of Confucianism, the filial piety is the
prime good and the unfilial impiety as a heinous sin.
The mental state behind this is ?ren?( benevolence).
The primary meaning of this ?ren? is to love and to
respect one?s parents and to extend this virture
outward. That is to say ‘filial
piety is the essence of benevolence ".
The benevolence of Confucianism must begin from being
dutiful to one?s parents and if this is not so, then
there is no benevolence.
但人与神(上帝)成立与渺茫的神话，还不如中国儒家直约亲子的恩情来说，比较切实。不过儒家注重现生，忽略过去和未来，因此一切儒家都偏重家庭的效仁，气魄不够大。佛教的德行，也基于亲子的关系，但通轮到三世轮回2，视一切众生为父母，所以慈悲心是著实而扩大的，不同神教导渺茫，也不同儒家的狭隘。
However,
this relationship of man and God is built on vague
myth, not as realistic as the similar relationship in
Confucianism. On the other hand, Confucianism stresses
the present life and ignores the past and the future.
This results in sole concentration upon ?ren? and
filial piety within the family, which is rather
narrow. The ethics of Buddhism are also based on the
relationship between parents and children but it
covers the Three Births. Buddhists perceive all beings
as their parents, hence their compassion is real and
great compared to the vague relationship of the
followers of God or the narrowness of Confucianism.
Notes:
1.菩提心是"阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心"的简称。"菩提"二字，是古印度的梵语，译成汉文的意义为"觉"，即是成佛的意思，菩提心即是成佛的心。发菩提心，就是发无上正等正觉之心，也就是要发"上求佛道、下化众生"之心。
2.
(The past, present and future lives)
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